Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Male, n (%)

92 (46.9%)

35 (41.2%)

57 (51.4%)

0.157

Age, years (mean ± SD)

38.17 ± 13.64

38.07 ± 13.59

38.24 ± 13.73

0.930

Duration from onset to admission, days

9.61 ± 6.07

8.07 ± 5.84

10.79 ± 6.00

0.002

Etiology

Pregnancy

22 (11.2%)

10 (11.8%)

12 (10.8%)

0.834

Oral contraceptives

14 (7.1%)

6 (7.1%)

8 (7.2%)

0.968

Hyper-homocysteinemia

17 (8.7%)

8 (9.4%)

9 (8.1%)

0.748

Systemic diseases

16 (8.2%)

6 (7.1%)

10 (9.0%)

0.621

Clinical manifestation

Headache

171 (87.2%)

75 (88.2%)

96 (86.5%)

0.716

Focal neurological deficit

61 (31.1%)

33 (38.8%)

28 (25.2%)

0.042

Seizure

65 (33.2%)

38 (44.7%)

27 (24.3%)

< 0.001

Coma

12 (6.1%)

12 (14.1%)

0 (0%)

< 0.001

NIHSS scores at admission

1 (0, 2)

2 (0–3)

0 (0,0)

0.002

Imaging manifestation

More than two venous thrombosis

135 (68.9%)

56 (65.9%)

79 (71.2%)

0.428

Venous cerebral infarction

99 (50.5%)

60 (70.6%)

39 (35.1%)

< 0.001

Markers of sever CVT

Mental status disorder

13 (6.6%)

13 (15.3%)

0 (0%)

< 0.001

Deep cerebral venous thrombosis

15 (7.7%)

15 (17.6%)

0 (0%)

< 0.001

Cerebral hemorrhage

65 (33.2%)

65 (76.5%)

0 (0%)

< 0.001

Treatment

Endovascular treatment

72 (36.7%)

40 (47.1%)

32 (28.8%)

0.009

Anticoagulation

0.970

Anticoagulation alone

115 (58.7%)

50 (58.8%)

65 (58.6%)

Anticoagulation combined with batroxobin

81 (41.3%)

35 (43.2%)

46 (41.4%)

Decompressive craniectomy

7 (3.6%)

7 (8.2%)

0

0.007

DFR×10^− 3, median (IQR)

0.25(0.11, 0.63)

0.38 (0.20, 0.85)

0.17 (0.07, 0.44)

< 0.001

mRS (0–2) at admission

140 (71.4%)

48 (56.5%)

92 (82.9%)

< 0.001