Table 4 Patient characteristics by use of advanced intervention (secondary outcome)

Age, mean (SD), years

57.6 (15.6)

63.6 (16.8)

62.2 (16.8)

< 0.001

Gender

 Male

242 (49.6%)

792 (48.6%)

1034 (48.8%)

0.718

 Female

246 (50.4%)

839 (51.4%)

1085 (51.2%)

Race

 American Indian/Alaskan Native

2 (0.4%)

21 (1.3%)

23 (1.1%)

0.021

 Asian

1 (0.2%)

5 (0.3%)

6 (0.3%)

 Black

189 (38.7%)

541 (33.2%)

730 (34.5%)

 Other

0 (0%)

13 (0.8%)

13 (0.6%)

 Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

 Unknown

10 (2.1%)

37 (2.3%)

47 (2.2%)

 White

285 (58.4%)

1013 (62.1%)

1298 (61.3%)

Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic/Latino

458 (93.9%)

1512 (92.7%)

1970 (93.0%)

0.731

 Hispanic/Latino

10 (2.0%)

44 (2.7%)

54 (2.5%)

 Unknown

20 (4.1%)

75 (4.6%)

95 (4.5%)

PE severity at PERT activation

 Non-severe submassive

107 (22.0%)

899 (55.1%)

1006 (47.5%)

< 0.001

 Severe submassive

276 (56.6%)

669 (41.0%)

945 (44.6%)

 Massive

105 (21.6%)

63 (3.9%)

168 (7.9%)

Advanced PE interventions (secondary outcome)

 Systemic thrombolysis

196 (40.2%)

0 (0%)

196 (9.2%)

< 0.001

 Catheter-directed intervention

210 (43.0%)

0 (0%)

210 (9.9%)

< 0.001

 Surgical embolectomy

10 (2.0%)

0 (0%)

10 (0.5%)

< 0.001

 Right ventricular assist device

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1

 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

13 (2.7%)

0 (0%)

13 (0.6%)

< 0.001

 Other

5 (1.0%)

0 (0%)

5 (0.2%)

< 0.001

Total NEWS, mean (SD), points

(Range: 0 to 20 points)

4.8 (3.1)

3.0 (2.5)

3.4 (2.8)

< 0.001

NEWS2 components

 Initial systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg

122 (26.4)

133 (23.9)

130 (24.9)

< 0.001

  Missing

0 (0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.0%)

 Initial heart rate, mean (SD), beats per minute

112 (22.2)

102 (20.7)

104 (21.4)

< 0.001

  Missing

0 (0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.0%)

 Initial respiratory rate, mean (SD), breaths/minute

22.4 (5.92)

20.7 (5.79)

21.1 (5.86)

< 0.001

  Missing

0 (0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.0%)

 Temperature, mean (SD), degrees Fahrenheit

98.0 (0.95)

98.2 (0.78)

98.2 (0.83)

< 0.001

  Missing

22 (4.5%)

38 (2.3%)

60 (2.8%)

 Initial oxygen pulse oximetry, mean (SD), %

93.2 (8.02)

94.6 (6.06)

94.3 (6.59)

< 0.001

  Missing

1 (0.2%)

2 (0.1%)

3 (0.1%)

 Hypercapnic respiratory failure

0 (0%)

2 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

1

 Supplemental oxygen use

197 (40.5%)

447 (27.4%)

644 (30.4%)

< 0.001

 Altered mental status

  Alert

436 (89.3%)

1563 (95.8%)

1999 (94.3%)

< 0.001

  New confusion/altered mental status

52 (10.7%)

68 (4.2%)

120 (5.7%)

NEWS2 cut-off of 3

 < 3

110 (22.5%)

801 (49.1%)

911 (43.0%)

< 0.001

 ≥ 3

378 (77.5%)

830 (50.9%)

1208 (57.0%)

NEWS2 cut-off of 4

 < 4

178 (36.5%)

1026 (62.9%)

1204 (56.8%)

< 0.001

 ≥ 4

310 (63.5%)

605 (37.1%)

915 (43.2%)

NEWS2 cut-off of 5

 < 5

241 (49.4%)

1214 (74.4%)

1455 (68.7%)

< 0.001

 ≥ 5

247 (50.6%)

417 (25.6%)

664 (31.3%)

Clinical deterioration during hospitalization (primary outcome)

163 (33.4%)

146 (9.0%)

309 (14.6%)

< 0.001

Breakdown of clinical deterioration events during hospitalization

 Cardiac arrest

83 (17.0%)

42 (2.6%)

125 (5.9%)

< 0.001

 Need for mechanical or positive pressure ventilation

112 (23.0%)

86 (5.3%)

198 (9.3%)

< 0.001

 Use of vasoactive medication

135 (27.7%)

72 (4.4%)

207 (9.8%)

< 0.001

 PE-related death

61 (12.5%)

64 (3.9%)

125 (5.9%)

< 0.001